Company Deductible & Non-deductible Expenses 公司可扣除和不可扣除的费用
When preparing for your annual filings, it is tempting to include all expenses incurred or payment made as expenditure for your company. However, business owners need to understand that not all expenses that are taken up in your accounting books are tax deductible. 当准备你的年度文件时，很容易把所有发生的费用或支付的费用作为公司的支出。然而，企业主需要了解的是，并不是所有的费用，在你的会计账簿上是可以扣税的。
What are Deductible Expenses? 什么是可扣除的开支?
A business can only claim a tax deduction if the expenses are wholly and exclusively incurred in the production of income. This means that expenses must satisfy all of the following conditions to be considered as tax deductible: 企业只有在全部和全部费用都用于生产收入的情况下，才能要求减税。这意味着费用必须符合下列所有条件才能被视为可扣除税款:
- Expenses that are incurred solely in the production of income. 仅为产生收入而发生的费用。
- Expenses that are not a contingent liability. In other words, it does not depend on an event that may or may not happen in the future. 不是或有负债的费用。换句话说，它不依赖于将来可能发生或不发生的事件。
- Expenses that are revenue rather than capital in nature. 本质上是收入而不是资本的费用。
- Expenses that are not prohibited from deduction under the Income Tax Act. 所得税法令未禁止扣除之费用。
What are Non-deductible Expenses? 什么是不可扣除的开支?
Any expenses that are incurred for activities that do not fulfil the above conditions are considered non-deductible expenses. Examples of non-deductible expenses are personal travel expenses, personal entertainment expenses that are not related to the operation of the business, and capital expenses such as acquisition of fixed assets. 不符合上述条件的活动所产生的任何费用均被视为不可扣除的费用。不可扣除的费用包括个人差旅费、与业务无关的个人招待费和购置固定资产等资本费用。
Below is a non-exhaustive list of non-deductible expenses from the IRAS. 以下是IRAS中可扣除及不可扣除开支的非详尽清单。
- Amortisation 摊销
- Bad debts (non-trade debtors) 坏账(非贸易债务人)
- Certificate of Entitlement (COE) for motor vehicles 机动车辆居留权证明书
- Voluntary contributions to CPF (Refers to CPF contributions 中央公积金自愿供款(指中央公积金供款)
- Exceeding the interest incurred on late CPF contributions 超过逾期的公积金供款利息
- Depreciation (you may instead claim capital allowances) 折旧(你可以报销资本补贴)
- Dividend payments made on preference shares 优先股的股息支付
- Donation 捐赠
- Entrance fee (Country club or other clubs) 门票(乡村俱乐部或其他俱乐部)
- Exchange loss (non-trade or capital in nature) 汇兑损失(非贸易或资本性质)
- Expenses incurred before commencement of business 开业前发生的费用
- Fixed assets written off 核销固定资产
- Fixed asset acquisition cost (you may instead claim capital allowances) 固定资产购置成本(可报销资本补贴)
- Fines & Penalties 罚款与处罚
- Goodwill payment 善意付款
- Impairment loss on non-trade debts 非贸易债务的减值损失
- Singapore income tax and any tax on income in country outside Singapore 新加坡所得税和在新加坡境外的任何所得税
- Installation of fixed assets 固定资产安装
- Interest expenses on non-income producing assets(Interest adjustment) 非收益性资产利息支出(利息调整)
- Legal and professional fees (Non-trade or capital transactions) 法律及专业费用(非贸易或资本交易)
- Medical expense (amount exceeding 1%/2% of total remuneration if company is under PMBS or TMIS 医疗费用(超过总薪酬的1%/2%，如果公司属于PMBS或TMIS)
- Motor vehicle expenses (S-plated and RU-Plated cars) 机动车辆费用(s型及r型车)
- Prepaid expenses (not relating to the relevant basis period) 预付费用(与有关评税基期无关)
- Private and domestic expenses (expenses not incurred for business purpose) 私人及家庭开支(非因业务而招致的开支)
- Private hire car 私人雇佣的车
- Provision for bad and doubtful debts (general)(Note impairment loss on trade) 坏帐及呆帐准备(一般)(贸易减损)
- Provision of obsolete stocks (general) 提供作废存货(一般)
- Renovation or refurbishment works (you may claim Section 14Q deduction for qualifying expenditure incurred from 16 Feb 2008) 翻新或翻新工程(你可申索由2008年2月16日起的符合资格开支扣除第14Q条)
- Ex-gratia retrenchment payments and outplacement support cost, where there is a complete cessation of business. 特惠金、减薪和新职安置支助费用，在这些方面业务完全停止。
- Transport (S-plated and RU-plated cars) 运输工具(S型及RU型汽车)
Lastly, do keep in mind that you cannot deduct an expense if you do not have any proof to show that the expense has incurred. Therefore, good bookkeeping and maintaining accurate business records are important in ensuring a healthy bottom-line. 最后，一定要记住，如果你没有任何证据证明费用已经发生，你就不能扣除费用。因此，良好的簿记和保持准确的业务记录对于确保一个健康的底线是很重要的。
